Read the whole question before answering!!!!!!! This is a timed test you will not have time to look up all answers, so be aware of that limitation.  I would answer all questions first, then look up info on the least confident answers.

1) Describe how a picture of your mom in bitmap format is sent to your friend in Texas.  Please get technical enough to assure me that you know. 5pts

2) Describe Switches and Routers.

3) Digital Signals are different than analog signals.  Explain each below. 6pts

4) There are three parts in a fiber optic strand, draw them with a name attached to each part 5pts

5) What is one type of fiber optic amplifier? 5pts ()._____

6) A phonograph needle assembly changes      into        _4pts 

7) The name of the Medium through which communication takes place in the following examples. Fill in after prompt 6pts

Two people talking to each other, 6 ft. apart :

Between Campers on two hills with signal fires:

Between a cell phone tower and your cell phone                

8) What are the names of Quarks? 4pts

9)List three machines on which an analog recording can made. 6pts ___ ____2__________ __________3__________ __________

10) Signals from an FM radio transmitter at 300 000 000 Hz produce waves that are how long? 4pts

Radio waves in vacuum travel at the speed of light.

t = 1/f.

The relationship between the frequency (f) and wavelength (λ) of an electromagnetic wave is given by the equation,

f = c / λ

Or, λ = c / f …………… (1)

where, c = the speed of the light in vacuum = 3 × 10⁸ m/sec.

Now, from the given problem following data is obtained:

· Frequency of the wave (f) = 300000000 Hz = 3 × 10⁸ Hz ;

Let the wavelength of the produced waves be λ.

Therefore, using the above equation (1), the required wavelength is given by,

11) Ionizing electromagnetic radiation includes all waves higher in frequency, or shorter in wavelength than what part of the electromagnetic spectrum? 5pts (either name the zone in the spectrum or give a wavelength)

12) The multiplexing of signals on a fiber optic cable involves what three main methods of making the signals distinct from one another 1 6pts

13)  A “Diode Laser” is found in a. 4pts

14) What is Proxima Centauri famous for? 5pts

15)  What do packets of internet data have at their head. 5pts

16) What do the letters in the acronym “l a s e r” stand for?

17) The pits on a CD or DVD are used to encode digital information.  What aspect of the pits trigger a “zero”, and what aspect triggers a “one”? 8pts   (requires research)

18) What is a Krypton flash tube

19) A computer CPU is reaching heat and size limits.  What are they?

20) An atom from which an electron has been stripped is ___________ charged. 4pts

21) Describe Frequency Shifting in a cell phone. 8pts

22) Why does the laser light in a fiber optic strand stay in the fiber? 5pts

23) How can Radio signals be multiplexed in the air? 5pts

24) Why do FM broadcast radios have better sound than Am broadcast radios?  4pts

25) Name two non-volatile computer memory devices. 6pts ____________________________

___ _______________________________________

26) Pulse Width Modulation (as discussed in class) .